What Causes Period Pains?
August 22, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Period pains, also known as menstrual cramps or dysmenorrhea, are caused by the contractions of the uterus (womb) as it sheds its lining during menstruation. These contractions help expel the uterine lining, which is no longer needed because pregnancy hasn’t occurred. The pain can vary in intensity from mild to severe and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as bloating, fatigue, and mood changes. There are two main types of period pains:
- Primary Dysmenorrhea: This is the most common type of period pain and typically starts during adolescence, often within a few years of a girl’s first period. It is caused by the release of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that help regulate various bodily functions, including inflammation and pain. High levels of prostaglandins can lead to stronger uterine contractions and more severe period pain. Primary dysmenorrhea usually becomes less severe as a woman gets older or after childbirth.
- Secondary Dysmenorrhea: This type of period pain is usually associated with an underlying medical condition, such as endometriosis, fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or adenomyosis. These conditions can cause inflammation, tissue growth, or other structural changes that lead to more intense and persistent period pain.
Other factors that can contribute to the severity of period pains include:
- Genetics: Women with a family history of severe menstrual cramps may be more likely to experience them as well.
- Heavy Menstrual Flow: Women who experience heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) may also have more intense period pains due to stronger contractions needed to expel a larger amount of blood.
- Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and a high intake of caffeine and alcohol can potentially worsen period pains.
- Stress: High stress levels can exacerbate period pains by affecting hormone levels and increasing muscle tension.
- Age: Younger women and teenagers often experience more intense period pains, which may improve as they get older.
- Pelvic Anatomy: Variations in pelvic anatomy, such as the position of the uterus, can influence the severity of menstrual cramps.
Treatment for period pains can include over-the-counter pain relievers (such as ibuprofen), heat therapy, regular exercise, relaxation techniques, dietary changes, and, in severe cases, prescription medications. If period pain significantly interferes with daily activities or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider to rule out any underlying conditions and receive appropriate management.