What Causes Lymphedema in the Legs?
October 4, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Lymphedema in the legs is a condition characterized by swelling due to the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tissues of the legs. It typically occurs when the lymphatic system, which plays a crucial role in fluid balance and immune function, is impaired or damaged. There are two primary types of lymphedema: primary (congenital or hereditary) and secondary (acquired). Here are the common causes and risk factors for each type:
- Primary Lymphedema:
- Congenital Lymphedema: Some individuals are born with lymphatic system abnormalities that lead to lymphedema. Milroy’s disease (present at birth) and Meige’s disease (develops in adolescence) are examples of congenital lymphedema.
- Lymphedema Praecox: This type of lymphedema typically develops during adolescence or young adulthood. It is the most common form of primary lymphedema and is thought to be caused by delayed development of the lymphatic system.
- Late-Onset Lymphedema (Lymphedema Tarda): Late-onset primary lymphedema occurs after the age of 35 and is less common than lymphedema praecox. The exact cause is often unknown.
- Secondary Lymphedema:
- Surgery: Lymphedema can develop as a result of surgical procedures that involve the removal or damage to lymph nodes or lymphatic vessels. This is most commonly associated with cancer surgeries, such as breast cancer or gynecological cancer surgeries.
- Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy used to treat cancer can damage lymphatic vessels and increase the risk of lymphedema, especially when combined with surgery.
- Infection: Infections, particularly repeated or severe cellulitis (a bacterial skin infection), can damage lymphatic vessels and lead to lymphedema.
- Injuries or Trauma: Traumatic injuries or accidents that damage lymphatic vessels or nodes can result in secondary lymphedema.
- Obesity: Obesity can increase the risk of developing lymphedema, as it may put added pressure on the lymphatic system and hinder its function.
- Chronic Venous Insufficiency: This condition, which impairs the function of the veins in the legs, can lead to increased fluid buildup and secondary lymphedema.
- Filariasis: In some parts of the world, particularly in tropical regions, a parasitic infection called filariasis can damage the lymphatic system and lead to lymphedema.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Chronic inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis can affect the lymphatic system and contribute to lymphedema in some cases.
- Compression: Wearing tight clothing or using compression garments or bandages that are too constricting can interfere with lymphatic flow and potentially lead to lymphedema.
It’s important to note that lymphedema is a chronic condition that can progress over time if left untreated. Early diagnosis and proper management are crucial for preventing complications and improving quality of life. Treatment approaches may include compression therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, exercise, skin care, and, in some cases, surgical interventions. If you suspect you have lymphedema or are at risk due to your medical history, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider or a lymphedema specialist for evaluation and guidance on managing the condition.