What Causes HPV Virus?
September 11, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of viruses that can infect the skin and mucous membranes of humans. HPV is primarily transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. The virus enters the body through small cuts, abrasions, or mucous membranes, and it can infect the cells of the skin and mucous membranes. There are various ways in which HPV can be transmitted and factors that contribute to its spread:
- Sexual Contact: HPV is most commonly spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Both penetrative and non-penetrative sexual activities can lead to transmission.
- Genital-to-Genital Contact: The virus can be transmitted when one person’s genitals come into contact with an infected person’s genitals, even without penetration or ejaculation.
- Skin-to-Skin Contact: HPV can be transmitted through non-sexual skin-to-skin contact, particularly in areas where the virus is present, such as warts on the hands, genitals, or other parts of the body.
- Vertical Transmission: A pregnant woman with HPV can potentially pass the virus to her baby during childbirth, although this is relatively rare.
- Fomite Transmission: It is possible, although less common, for HPV to be transmitted indirectly through objects (fomites) that come into contact with an infected person’s skin or mucous membranes. This is less likely than direct skin-to-skin contact transmission.
- Autoinoculation: An individual with an active HPV infection can spread the virus to other parts of their own body through self-inoculation, particularly if they have warts on their hands or other areas.
It’s important to note that HPV is highly contagious, and many people who carry the virus may not show any symptoms. Some HPV infections clear on their own without causing any health problems, while others can lead to various conditions, including genital warts and certain types of cancer, such as cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancer.
To reduce the risk of HPV infection and its associated health complications, vaccination is recommended for adolescents and young adults. The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection with the most common and high-risk HPV types that can lead to cancer. Additionally, practicing safe sex, using condoms, and getting regular screenings for cervical cancer (Pap tests) can help detect and manage HPV-related health issues in a timely manner.