What Causes Gastroenteritis?
October 3, 2023 | by Yashaswi Pathakamuri | Posted in FAQ's
Gastroenteritis, often referred to as “stomach flu” or “stomach bug,” is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that results in symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea. Gastroenteritis can be caused by various factors, but the most common causes are viral and bacterial infections. Here are the primary causes of gastroenteritis:
- Viral Infections:
- Norovirus: Noroviruses are a common cause of viral gastroenteritis, particularly in outbreaks on cruise ships, in schools, and in other communal settings.
- Rotavirus: Rotavirus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Vaccines are available to prevent rotavirus infection.
- Adenovirus: Certain types of adenoviruses can cause gastroenteritis, especially in young children and people with weakened immune systems.
- Bacterial Infections:
- Salmonella: Salmonella bacteria can be found in contaminated food, water, and undercooked poultry or eggs. It can lead to severe gastroenteritis.
- Campylobacter: Campylobacter bacteria are often associated with undercooked poultry and unpasteurized milk products.
- Escherichia coli (E. coli): Some strains of E. coli, such as E. coli O157:H7, can cause gastroenteritis and may be linked to contaminated food or water.
- Shigella: Shigella bacteria can cause a highly contagious form of gastroenteritis, particularly in crowded or unsanitary conditions.
- Clostridium difficile (C. difficile): This bacterium can lead to gastroenteritis, especially after the use of antibiotics that disrupt the normal balance of gut bacteria.
- Vibrio cholerae: Vibrio cholerae bacteria can cause cholera, a severe form of gastroenteritis characterized by profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting. It is more common in regions with poor sanitation and contaminated water supplies.
- Parasitic Infections:
- Giardia: The parasite Giardia lamblia can lead to giardiasis, a type of gastroenteritis that often results from drinking contaminated water.
- Cryptosporidium: The parasite Cryptosporidium can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly in people with compromised immune systems.
- Toxins: In some cases, gastroenteritis can result from exposure to toxins produced by bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) or toxins in contaminated food or water.
- Contaminated Food or Water: Consuming food or water contaminated with infectious agents or toxins can lead to gastroenteritis. Poor food handling and sanitation practices can contribute to outbreaks.
- Contact with Infected Individuals: Gastroenteritis can also spread through close contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces.
Preventing gastroenteritis often involves practicing good hygiene, including frequent handwashing, safe food handling and preparation, and avoiding contact with individuals who are infected. Staying hydrated is essential to manage symptoms, especially if diarrhea and vomiting are present. In severe cases, particularly when dehydration is a concern, medical treatment may be necessary.
If you or someone you know experiences severe or prolonged symptoms of gastroenteritis, such as dehydration, high fever, blood in the stool, or signs of severe illness, it is advisable to seek medical attention for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.